Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder with abdominal pain, accompanied by diarrhea or constipation. This syndrome can lead to alterations in frequency and form of bowel movements, and is the most common gastrointestinal complaint in the United States and Canada. It is estimated to affect as many as 20% of the population. IBS symptoms can be aggravated by stress, anxiety, depression, and emotional trauma.

Individuals with IBS have been found to have an increased sensitivity to stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. This means that the same stimuli in normal patients do not result in symptoms that patients with IBS experience. Increased levels of the hormone serotonin, as well as infectious and inflammatory components could be causes as well. Abdominal pain, alteration in bowel habits, gas, and some upper gastrointestinal symptoms (reflux and noncardiac chest pain) are major symptoms for IBS.

Gas is produced when food passes into the large intestine and is only partially digested. Intestinal bacteria can act on the undigested food, and by-products of their metabolism result in gas production. Patients with IBS can have an increased sensitivity to certain foods, such as lactose, wheat, high-fat foods, caffeine, sorbitol, or high-fiber foods.

Symptoms of IBS can lead individuals to change their food intake, or avoid specific foods altogether. This can subsequently lead to nutrient deficiencies, potential underweight, and malnutrition. Nutrition therapy goals will focus on decreasing anxiety, normalizing dietary patterns, assuring adequate nutritional intake, and taking the necessary steps to reduce gas production. Individuals with IBS should focus on increasing fiber to 25 grams per day, as tolerated. If sensitivity to high fiber foods initially occurs, adding one high-fiber food at a time is recommended. Adequate fluid and hydration are necessary as well. Probiotics and prebiotics have also received attention for their potential use in IBS. Additional nutrition advice can be discussed with a Registered Dietitian. Set up your appointment today by calling 215-735-7992.