A recent study published in the February 23, 2012 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine provides evidence that colonoscopies cut the risk of death from colon cancer by over 50%.

Despite good data supporting the efficacy of colon cancer screening, many patients are still not being screened.

Worldwide colon cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in women, and the second most common cause of cancer death. For most patients, an initial colonoscopy is recommended at age 50. Patients with a family history of colon cancer, colon polyps or inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis) may require screening at an early age.

The test involves a bowel prep, which essentially means taking a few doses of laxatives and a clear liquid diet for a day before the test. To make it easier for patients, I recommend that patients schedule the test for early in the morning. Patients are given sedation through an IV and the test is painless, patients may experience mild cramping and gas for several hours after the test. If a polyp is found during your colonoscopy it can be removed, thus preventing colon cancer.

Lifestyle can also affect your risk of developing colon cancer. To lower your risk: Engage in regular physical activity; choose a diet high in fruits and vegetables; avoid processed meats; limit your consumption of alcohol and maintain a normal body weight.